Fish spear: carving a fishing gig and aiming correctly
A fish spear is a long straight pole whose end is split and carved into several points. In shallow, clear water it can be used to pin a fish to the bottom. Because water bends light, the fish is not where it seems to be – you aim lower. Spearing is a prohibited fishing method in Austria and Germany; it appears here only as emergency knowledge.
- 1 hour of carving, plenty of patience at the water
Explicado de forma simples
A fish spear is a long pole whose end is split into four points – like a giant fork. You stand very still on the bank, hold the points already in the water and wait until a fish swims past. Then you thrust down quickly.
There is a trick to it: the water cheats. Look at a stick half in the water – it looks as if it has a bend. In the same way, the fish looks higher than it really is. So you have to aim lower than you think.
Here it is forbidden to spear fish. This is only knowledge for a real emergency, when someone is stuck for days and has no fishing line.
Como funciona
Light is bent when it passes from water into air. To the eye, the light from the fish therefore comes from a different direction, and the brain places the fish higher and farther back. The more slanted your view into the water, the bigger this error. Looking straight down gives the smallest error.
The four spread prongs form an area rather than a point. You do not need to hit the fish exactly with one tip; it is enough to press it between the prongs against the bottom. That is why the spear only works in shallow water with a firm bottom.
The binding below the split holds the wood together. Without it the split would run further with the first thrust.
O que realmente importa
Calm matters more than speed. Fish notice movement and shadows. If you keep the points under water already, the thrust does not have to break the surface first – that is quieter and more accurate.
Clear, shallow, calm water is essential. In murky or deep water you see nothing; in fast water the fish is gone before you strike.
A caught fish is stunned and killed at once. Fumbling for a long time with a struggling fish on the spear causes needless suffering.
Segurança: o que você precisa observar
The biggest danger in spearfishing is not the spear but the water. Slippery stones, cold current and sudden depths are life-threatening when you are alone and weakened. So fish from the bank or at most ankle-deep.
When splitting the wood the knife slips easily. Work with a baton and a base, never towards your own hand.
Spearing is not a permitted fishing method in Austria and Germany. Without permission any fishing is fish poaching.
Passo a passo
Check the emergency and the water
Only in genuine danger to life, when fishing with line and hook is not possible. You need shallow, clear, calm water at a spot where you can stand safely – the bank, a flat stone or ankle-deep.
- 1
Check the emergency and the water
Only in genuine danger to life, when fishing with line and hook is not possible. You need shallow, clear, calm water at a spot where you can stand safely – the bank, a flat stone or ankle-deep.
- 2
Choose the pole
Find a straight pole of hardwood or a young, straight sapling, about as long as you are tall. The thick end becomes the point. Cut side shoots off smoothly.
- 3
Bind first, then split
A hand's width from the thick end, wrap strong cord several times around the pole and tie it off. Then split the end crosswise down to the binding with a knife and baton. The binding stops the split from running further.
- 4
Spread the points
Push two small wooden wedges crosswise deep into the splits so that four prongs form, standing slightly apart. Secure the wedges with cord.
- 5
Sharpen and harden the prongs
Sharpen each prong with the knife. If you have a fire, hold the points briefly over the embers until they are dry and lightly browned but not charred – this makes them harder.
- 6
Stand still and wait
Position yourself so your shadow does not fall on the water and hold the points already in the water, just under the surface. Hardly move. Fish often return to their spots after a short while.
- 7
Aim lower and press
Aim below the fish – the more slanted your view, the lower. Thrust calmly and quickly straight down and press the fish against the bottom. With your free hand or a second stick, grip it behind the gills.
- 8
Kill at once and tidy up
Stun and kill the fish at once with a firm blow to the back of the head, as described in the entry “Killing, gutting and cooking fish over the fire”. Take the spear apart after the emergency.
Erros comuns
- Aiming straight at the visible image
- A shadow on the water
- Slapping the spear into the water hastily
- Wading into cold or fast water
- Splitting without a binding – the wood splits apart
Visão rápida
Materiais
Straight, fresh hardwood stick
About as long as you are tall, straight, one to two thumbs thick
Only take dead wood or wood you are allowed to cut
Always carve away from your body
Faca (lâmina fixa ou com trava)
Corte para longe do corpo.
As regras sobre portar facas variam conforme a região – verifique as regras locais.
Barbante fino
To bind below the split
Baixa resistência à ruptura – só para cargas leves.
Galhos / varas resistentes
Two small wedges to spread the points
Não corte madeira viva onde for proibido.
Indicado para
- Clear, shallow streams, pools and margins near a fixed camp
- When no fishing line or hooks are available
Não indicado para
- Murky, deep or fast-flowing water
- Cold water you would have to wade into
- Nature reserves and spawning grounds
- Situations without genuine danger to life
Pré-requisitos
- Risco real de vida sem ajuda ao alcance
- Manuseio seguro de uma faca
- Shallow, clear, calm water you cannot fall into
Segurança
- When splitting the wood the knife slips easily. Stand the wood on a base, work with a baton and never put your hand in front of the blade.
Como funciona
Light changes direction when it passes from water into air. That is why you see a fish higher and farther away than it really is. If you aim straight at the image, you strike above the fish. Several spread points enlarge the area you hit and press the fish against the bottom instead of skewering it.
Vantagens
- No line or hooks needed
- Made from a single piece of wood
- The fish is reached at once and can be killed straight away
Desvantagens
- Needs clear, shallow water
- Many misses
- Prohibited as a fishing method
- Risk of slipping and cold water
Conhecimento aprofundado
Contexto técnico
Fish spears and gigs are among the oldest fishing tools; Stone Age finds show prongs of bone and wood. Military survival manuals describe how to make a spear from split wood and how to allow for refraction.
The fishing laws in Austria and Germany only permit certain kinds of gear, above all the rod and line. Spears and gigs are not among them because they injure fish without selecting them. That is why the spear is purely emergency knowledge.
Variações
- Two prongs
- A single lengthwise split with one wedge gives two prongs. It is quicker but hits a smaller area.
- With thorn barbs
- Hard thorns bound to the prongs pointing inwards hold the fish better. But they injure it more – so kill it especially quickly afterwards.
Erros comuns
- Aiming straight at the visible image
- A shadow on the water
- Slapping the spear into the water hastily
- Wading into cold or fast water
- Splitting without a binding – the wood splits apart
Limites e riscos
- No underwater spearfishing
- No spears for hunting land animals
- Measurements are guide values
Alternativas de material
Derivado das propriedades dos materiais: um substituto precisa ter todas as propriedades relevantes. Observe as indicações sobre o substituto.
- Straight, fresh hardwood stick
- Bastões de trekking, Galhos / varas resistentes (Não corte madeira viva onde for proibido.), Luva de reparo para varas de barraca (Somente como solução provisória – mande substituir em casa os segmentos quebrados.), Troncos roliços (retos, sadios) (Só derrube ou retire com permissão do proprietário da floresta.)
- Barbante fino
- Corda (Nunca use corda desconhecida ou danificada quando houver risco de vida.), Paracord (Não é corda de escalada nem de segurança.), Cordelete auxiliar (Para fins que protegem a vida, use apenas cordinha certificada e depois de ter treinamento.), Fita (fita tubular) (Inspecione fitas tubulares e planas com nós antes de cada uso.), Barbante de juta ou sisal (comprado) (Pouca resistência, absorve água e apodrece – apenas para cargas leves e treino.), Fitas para árvore (Carregue apenas dentro dos limites indicados pelo fabricante.), Linha de pesca monofilamento (Nunca deixe restos de linha para trás: aves e outros animais se enroscam neles e morrem lentamente. Enrole os restos e leve-os com você.), Arame fino e macio (latão ou aço galvanizado) (As pontas do arame são afiadas – proteja olhos e dedos ao dobrar), Corda ou cinta de reboque (Prenda somente nos olhais de reboque previstos pelo fabricante; nunca fique ao lado dele sob tensão.)
Os resultados vêm exclusivamente de entradas estruturadas. Nenhuma instrução improvisada é gerada.
Fontes (6)
- Headquarters, Department of the Army (USA) (2002): FM 3-05.70 Survival · Fish spear from split wood with spread prongs; aim lower because of refraction
- Bundesrepublik Deutschland – Bundesministerium der Justiz (gesetze-im-internet.de): Strafgesetzbuch (StGB) – § 293 Fischwilderei · § 293: fish poaching
- Republik Österreich – Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS) (1974): Strafgesetzbuch (StGB), BGBl. Nr. 60/1974 – §§ 137, 138 (Eingriff in fremdes Jagd- oder Fischereirecht) und § 222 (Tierquälerei) · §§ 137, 138: interference with another person's hunting or fishing rights; § 222: cruelty to animals
- Freistaat Bayern – Bayerische Staatskanzlei (gesetze-bayern.de) (2008): Bayerisches Fischereigesetz (BayFiG) · Fishing only with permission and with permitted gear
- Land Niederösterreich – Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS), Landesrecht (2001): NÖ Fischereigesetz 2001 · Fishing rights and a fishing licence as a requirement
- Bundesrepublik Deutschland – Bundesministerium der Justiz (gesetze-im-internet.de) (2012): Verordnung zum Schutz von Tieren im Zusammenhang mit der Schlachtung oder Tötung und zur Durchführung der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1099/2009 des Rates (Tierschutz-Schlachtverordnung – TierSchlV) · Stun fish before killing