Stranded or evacuated train: how to behave

A stationary train protects against weather and against rail traffic around it. Its walls, roof and weight make it a kind of shelter on wheels. Even if lights and air conditioning fail, you are better off inside than on the track bed.

The dangers outside are invisible to passengers. Trains may run at high speed on adjacent tracks, and they are often heard very late. Many railways are powered by overhead lines or conductor rails at track level that can carry high voltage – even if your own train has no power any more. Only railway staff know whether a line has been switched off and earthed.

Staff are in radio contact with the control centre. Before passengers may get off, adjacent tracks must be closed and, if necessary, power switched off. That takes time, but it is exactly why an organised evacuation is safe and leaving on your own is not.

Stay seated and watch for announcements and displays. If nobody says anything for a long time, speak to staff in person or via the emergency intercom – not to put pressure on them, but to find out what is happening and roughly how long it may take.

Ration water, food and battery. Lower the screen brightness, use mobile data only when needed and do not stream videos. If you know it could take hours, you plan differently from someone expecting to move on any minute.

Look out for the people around you. In heat or cold, children, older and ill people suffer most. If someone urgently needs water, medication or help, tell the staff. In a medical emergency inform staff and call the local emergency number (112 in the EU).

With fire or smoke in the carriage you must act: alert staff via the emergency intercom or use the emergency brake as explained on the signs in the carriage. Then move into another carriage and close the doors behind you so the smoke spreads less. After that, follow staff instructions.

When and how to use the emergency brake and the emergency door release differs between railways and countries. In some trains the driver can override an emergency brake so the train does not stop in a tunnel or on a bridge but continues to a more accessible place. Read the signs in the carriage instead of relying on what applies at home.

Pulling the emergency brake without a real reason, especially in a tunnel, creates a new danger and delays help. Forcing doors open and walking along the tracks is one of the most dangerous mistakes of all.

Only get off when staff tell you to. Take only the essentials – documents, medication, phone, warm jacket – and keep your hands free. Large luggage stays on the train if staff say so; it hinders you and others.

The drop from a train to the track bed is often surprisingly high, and the ground is uneven and stony. Get down slowly, backwards facing the train, and accept help or help others. Children and people with limited mobility need particular support here.

Outside, stay with the group and only go in the direction staff indicate. In tunnels emergency exits are signposted; staff decide which way you go. Later, ask the rail company about replacement transport, accommodation and your rights as a passenger, and keep receipts.