Ground elder: the garden weed you can eat – with the three-times-three rule
Ground elder grows in almost every shady garden and along woodland edges, often as a dense carpet. The young leaves taste of parsley and carrot and are edible raw and cooked. But ground elder belongs to the umbellifers – a family with some of the most poisonous plants in Europe. Here you learn the features that together only fit ground elder: a three-edged stalk, three times three leaflets and broad, toothed leaflets instead of finely divided leaves.
- Practising recognition: several times in your own garden; collecting 15–20 minutes
Explicado de forma simples
Ground elder is a plant that annoys many gardeners because it grows everywhere and is hard to get rid of. Yet you can eat the young leaves. They taste a little of parsley and carrot.
But ground elder belongs to a plant family that also has very poisonous plants, for example hemlock. The flowers of all of them look almost the same: small white umbrellas. So you never look at the flower, but at the leaf.
The rule is "three times three": the stalk has three edges, it splits into three branches, and on each branch there are three broad, toothed leaflets. Leaves that look finely divided like parsley or a fern you never eat.
Como funciona
Ground elder spreads mainly underground: its white runners creep through the soil and send up new leaves again and again. This creates a dense carpet in which hardly any other plants have room. That makes it practical for foragers – in a real ground elder carpet almost nothing but ground elder grows.
The taste comes from essential oils, as many umbellifers have: parsley, carrot, celery and dill are its relatives. Unfortunately poison hemlock, water hemlock and fool's parsley also belong to this family, and their poisons act even in small amounts.
Because the flowers of umbellifers are so similar, botanists have learned to look at leaf shape, stem and smell. Ground elder is a grateful plant here: its broad, toothed leaflets look quite different from the finely divided leaves of its poisonous relatives.
O que realmente importa
Feel the stalk. You clearly feel the three edges and the groove on top when you roll it between your fingers. A round, hollow or spotted stem does not belong to ground elder.
Count the leaflets. Nine leaflets in three groups are typical. On very young leaves there are sometimes only three; on vigorous plants single leaflets can be lobed – but they stay broad and toothed, never finely slit.
Collect at known places. A garden where ground elder has been spreading for years is much safer than an unknown ditch. Avoid wet ditches and stream banks, because water hemlock can grow there.
Segurança: o que você precisa observar
The biggest danger is confusion with hemlock. Poison hemlock has finely divided leaves, a round, hollow stem with red spots and smells of mouse urine. Anyone who sees something like that among the ground elder does not collect there.
With tingling in the mouth, nausea, weakness, vision problems or breathing problems after eating, call the emergency number 112 or 144 and the poison line at once. Keep plant remains.
Do not touch large, unknown umbellifers such as giant hogweed: its sap makes the skin sensitive to light, and sun then causes blisters like a burn.
Passo a passo
Where ground elder grows
Ground elder loves half shade and nutrient-rich, moist soil: under hedges, in gardens, on woodland edges and in parks. With underground runners it forms dense carpets of almost only one species. Gardeners know it as a stubborn weed – ask there first, it is often the safest place to find it.
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Where ground elder grows
Ground elder loves half shade and nutrient-rich, moist soil: under hedges, in gardens, on woodland edges and in parks. With underground runners it forms dense carpets of almost only one species. Gardeners know it as a stubborn weed – ask there first, it is often the safest place to find it.
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The three-edged stalk
Take a leaf stalk between thumb and index finger and roll it back and forth. With ground elder you feel three edges, and a groove runs along the top. The stalk is hairless and green, without red or purple spots.
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Three times three leaflets
Follow the stalk upwards: it splits into three branches and each branch carries three leaflets – usually nine together. The leaflets are broad, egg-shaped with a point and toothed at the edge, often a bit lopsided. Very young leaves sometimes only have three leaflets at first. Memory aid: three edges, three branches, three leaflets.
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Verificar o cheiro
Crush a leaflet between your fingers. Ground elder smells fresh, of parsley and carrot. If it smells unpleasant, like mouse urine or garlic, it is not ground elder. As always: smell confirms, it does not identify on its own.
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Rule out hemlock and fool's parsley
Poison hemlock and fool's parsley have finely, repeatedly divided, parsley- or fern-like leaves – no broad leaflets. Hemlock has a round, hollow stem with red spots and smells of mouse urine when crushed. Fool's parsley has leaves that are glossy underneath and smells unpleasant. If you see something like this in the ground elder carpet, do not collect there.
Finely divided leaves = never eat.
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Harvest young leaves
The young, light green, still slightly folded leaves before flowering taste best. Cut them off with the stalk and check every leaf singly for three edges and three times three leaflets. Older leaves get tough and taste strong. If you cut down a patch of ground elder in summer, it sends up fresh, tender leaves again.
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Lavar e preparar
Sort the harvest on a light cloth and wash it thoroughly. Raw, ground elder tastes good finely cut in salad or on bread. Cooked, you use it like spinach: steam it for a few minutes in a little water, with salt and some fat. It shrinks a lot – a big handful makes a small portion.
Erros comuns
- Identifying umbellifers by their flower
- Taking finely divided leaves
- Collecting in wet ditches where water hemlock grows
- Harvesting old, tough leaves
- Not checking every leaf singly
Visão rápida
Materiais
Faca (lâmina fixa ou com trava)
Or scissors – cut only young leaves
Corte para longe do corpo.
As regras sobre portar facas variam conforme a região – verifique as regras locais.
Saco de coleta ou cesto arejado
Colher cada espécie separadamente para que nada desconhecido se misture
Sem sacos plásticos por muito tempo – a verdura transpira e estraga
Bolsa de água própria para alimentos
For washing
Use somente para água potável, nunca para produtos químicos ou combustível.
Panela de metal (aço inoxidável, alumínio, titânio)
For cooking like spinach
Quente – risco de queimadura.
Guia de campo de plantas silvestres (para a sua região)
Um livro não substitui a prática com uma pessoa experiente
Aplicativos de identificação podem errar – nunca confie só neles
Indicado para
- April to June, young light green leaves
- Gardens, parks, woodland edges with permission
- As a spinach substitute and salad green
Não indicado para
- Umbellifers with finely divided, fern-like leaves
- Identifying plants only by their white flower
- Wet ditches and stream banks where water hemlock grows
Pré-requisitos
- Knowing poison hemlock and fool's parsley from pictures and in the field
- Ideally a site where ground elder has been known as a weed for years
- Água limpa
Segurança
- Some umbellifers, above all giant hogweed, cause severe skin burns together with sunlight. Do not touch unknown large umbellifers.
- Plants close to the ground can be contaminated with soil, droppings and fox tapeworm eggs. Wash thoroughly or cook, and wash your hands afterwards.
Como funciona
With umbellifers, nearly all flowers look the same: white umbrellas made of small flowers. They can only be told apart reliably by leaf, stem and smell. Ground elder has a unique combination: the leaf stalk is three-edged and grooved on top, it splits into three branches, and each branch carries three broad, toothed leaflets.
Vantagens
- Common and plentiful
- Mild taste, edible raw and cooked
- Grows back after cutting
- Gardeners are glad when it is harvested
Desvantagens
- Belongs to a family with deadly poisonous plants
- Only young leaves taste good
- Few calories
- Older leaves tough
Conhecimento aprofundado
Contexto técnico
Ground elder used to be grown as a vegetable and medicinal herb in monastery gardens and spread widely from there. Today most people only know it as a weed that can hardly be got rid of.
The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment warns that confusions with hemlock happen especially among umbellifers. For beginners the rule is therefore: only collect ground elder in places where it is reliably known, and always leave umbellifers with finely divided leaves alone.
Variações
- Ground elder pesto
- Finely chop young leaves with oil, salt and roasted nuts or seeds. Keep chilled like wild garlic paste and eat soon.
- Praticar no próprio jardim
- Anyone who has ground elder in their own garden can watch the features for weeks: how the leaves sprout, what the flower looks like, how the stalk feels. That is the best school before collecting anywhere else.
Erros comuns
- Identifying umbellifers by their flower
- Taking finely divided leaves
- Collecting in wet ditches where water hemlock grows
- Harvesting old, tough leaves
- Not checking every leaf singly
Limites e riscos
- Not a complete identification key for umbellifers
- Vale para a Europa Central
- Sem promessas de cura
Alternativas de material
Derivado das propriedades dos materiais: um substituto precisa ter todas as propriedades relevantes. Observe as indicações sobre o substituto.
- Saco de coleta ou cesto arejado
- Panela de metal (aço inoxidável, alumínio, titânio) (Quente – risco de queimadura.), Garrafa de aço inoxidável de parede simples (Aqueça apenas garrafas de parede simples, sem pintura nem plástico; retire a tampa antes de aquecer.), Garrafa térmica de parede dupla (Nunca aqueça diretamente.), Garrafa PET (transparente, máx. 2 litros) (Não aqueça nem coloque no fogo.), Galão de ågua próprio para alimentos (Use apenas recipientes que nunca tenham contido produtos químicos ou combustível.), Recipiente hermético próprio para alimentos (Encha somente quando estiver limpo e completamente seco; nunca use recipientes que já tenham guardado produtos químicos.), Recipiente ou bolsa de água dobrável (Proteja de objetos pontiagudos.), Jarra medidora, Bolsa de água própria para alimentos (Use somente para água potável, nunca para produtos químicos ou combustível.), Pote ou pote de barro para fermentação (Use apenas recipientes próprios para alimentos, de vidro, cerâmica esmaltada segura para alimentos ou plástico próprio para alimentos – nada de recipientes de metal para alimentos ácidos.), Sacos de alimentos reutilizáveis com fecho (Use apenas sacos próprios para alimentos; não use com água fervente, a menos que o fabricante permita expressamente.), Recipiente de coleta rígido (pote, cesto ou caneca) (Uma espécie por recipiente – nunca misture algo desconhecido)
- Bolsa de água própria para alimentos
- Garrafa de aço inoxidável de parede simples (Aqueça apenas garrafas de parede simples, sem pintura nem plástico; retire a tampa antes de aquecer.), Garrafa térmica de parede dupla (Nunca aqueça diretamente.), Garrafa PET (transparente, máx. 2 litros) (Não aqueça nem coloque no fogo.), Galão de ågua próprio para alimentos (Use apenas recipientes que nunca tenham contido produtos químicos ou combustível.), Recipiente hermético próprio para alimentos (Encha somente quando estiver limpo e completamente seco; nunca use recipientes que já tenham guardado produtos químicos.), Recipiente ou bolsa de água dobrável (Proteja de objetos pontiagudos.), Pote ou pote de barro para fermentação (Use apenas recipientes próprios para alimentos, de vidro, cerâmica esmaltada segura para alimentos ou plástico próprio para alimentos – nada de recipientes de metal para alimentos ácidos.), Sacos de alimentos reutilizáveis com fecho (Use apenas sacos próprios para alimentos; não use com água fervente, a menos que o fabricante permita expressamente.)
- Panela de metal (aço inoxidável, alumínio, titânio)
- Garrafa de aço inoxidável de parede simples (Aqueça apenas garrafas de parede simples, sem pintura nem plástico; retire a tampa antes de aquecer.)
Os resultados vêm exclusivamente de entradas estruturadas. Nenhuma instrução improvisada é gerada.
Fontes (5)
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR) (2017): Risiko Pflanze – Einschätzung und Hinweise · Poison hemlock, water hemlock and fool's parsley as highly poisonous umbellifers; giant hogweed and skin damage with sunlight
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR): Giftpflanzen: Wie kann man sich schützen und was ist bei einer Vergiftung zu tun? (Fragen und Antworten) · Confusão de plantas silvestres comestíveis com venenosas; colete só o que você consegue distinguir com segurança; o que fazer em caso de intoxicação
- Headquarters, Department of the Army (USA) (2002): FM 3-05.70 Survival · Avoid umbellifers with finely divided leaves; only eat reliably identified wild plants
- Robert Koch-Institut: RKI-Ratgeber Echinokokkose · Transmissão da tênia da raposa por ovos engolidos; lavar, aquecer, lavar as mãos
- Gesundheitsportal Österreich (gesundheit.gv.at), Bundesministerium für Soziales, Gesundheit, Pflege und Konsumentenschutz: Vergiftungsinformationszentrale (VIZ) · Linha de informação sobre envenenamentos na Áustria (VIZ), disponível 24 horas por dia; em perigo agudo, 112 ou 144